PIR Sensor
Infrared sensors are the sensors that work on Infrared sensing technology to detect the motion of objects. There exist two types of sensors which detect motion with the help of Infrared, one is Active Infrared sensor (AIR sensor) and another one is Passive Infrared sensor (PIR sensor).
What is a PIR Motion Sensor ?
Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR sensor) or PIR motion sensor is the kind of sensor that measures the Infrared radiations released from objects and thus identify them as moving or still objects. This type of motion sensor is only the receptor of infrared waves and does not release any infrared beam like that is done in Active Infrared sensors.
Types of Passive Infrared Sensors (PIR sensors) :
The PIR sensors are of two types:-
- Thermal Infrared Sensors- Thermal Infrared sensors or Pyroelectric Infrared sensors use Infrared as the source of heat energy for the detection of objects and their sensitivity is independent of the wavelength. These sensors are slow with their detection time and responsiveness.
- Quantum Infrared sensors- Quantum sensors detect photons and are dependent on the wavelength and are highly sensitive than those sensing heat. These sensors are fast in their detection time and responsiveness but require frequent cooling for precise measurement.
Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR Sensor) Components:
A passive infrared detector is made from a Pyroelectric component (combination of metal and crystal) and other essential electrical components like circuits, resistors, capacitors. The sensor is enclosed in a metal sheet protector and a silicon window is provided in that to allow the infrared radiations to pass through it. The PIR motion sensors are mostly rectangular in shape irrespective of the device they are installed in. To increase the detection sensitivity, the motion detector devices cover the PIR sensor with lenses to focus more energy on it.
Working Principle of PIR motion sensor :
All the objects, living things having a temperature more than absolute zero emit infrared radiations in their surroundings. Warmer the object, more the infrared radiations are emitted.
The Passive Infrared Sensor is a thermal infrared sensor which detects the motion of objects on reading these infrared radiations’ variations in its nearby environment.
The sensor has two equal slots made up of Pyroelectric material that is very sensitive to Infrared. When the sensor is not active, both its slots sense the same amount of Infrared radiations coming from any object, door or wall, etc.
When a warm body comes in the range of the PIR motion sensor, it passes through both the slots one after the other. The moment it intercepts the first half of the sensor, a positive differential change is caused between the two halves. Similarly, when it leaves the detection area a negative differential change occurs between both the slots. These changes in the pulses are the indication to the sensor that there is some motion in its detecting zone.
Advantages of PIR Motion Sensors :
- PIR motion sensors can detect moving objects even in dark with great accuracy.
- PIR sensors can detect the motion of objects without coming in contact with them.
- They are very easy to install and do not require much wiring.
- They reduce a lot of human efforts by making things to work automatically.
- They consume very less energy and thus reduce electricity bills a lot.
Disadvantages of PIR Motion Sensors :
- PIR motion sensors are a bit costly and can not be afforded by a majority of people.
- Passive Infrared Sensors sometimes behave abnormally during bad weather conditions.
- PIR sensors sometimes become incapable of detecting a very slow-moving object.
- Home security systems with PIR motion detectors sometimes trigger false alarms due to no reason.
- PIR motion sensors have a very short detection range and thus sometimes it leads to a loophole in Burglar alarm systems because of incomplete coverage issue.
Applications :
- Burglar Alarm Systems or Intrusion Detection System
- Automated Home Appliances
- Automated Doors
- Parking Areas
- Automated Lightings
- IR Thermometers
- Night Vision Cameras
- Gas Analyzers
- Moisture Analyzers
- Smoke and Fire Detectors
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PIR stands for Passive Infrared. A PIR sensor detects infrared radiation (heat) emitted by objects in its field of view. It is commonly used in motion detection applications, such as security systems and automatic lighting. When a person or object with a temperature different from the ambient environment moves within the sensor's range, the sensor detects the change in infrared radiation and triggers an alert or activates a device. PIR sensors are valued for their reliability, low power consumption, and ease of integration into various security and automation systems, making them a popular choice for detecting human presence and movement.
A PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor is a type of motion sensor that specifically detects infrared radiation emitted by warm objects, such as humans or animals. It responds to changes in infrared radiation levels within its detection area. In contrast, a motion sensor is a broader term encompassing various technologies used to detect movement, including PIR, ultrasonic, microwave, and tomographic sensors. While PIR sensors detect heat, ultrasonic sensors use sound waves, microwave sensors use microwave signals, and tomographic sensors use radio waves. Therefore, all PIR sensors are motion sensors, but not all motion sensors are PIR sensors, as they can use different detection methods.
PIR (Passive Infrared) and IR (Infrared) sensors differ primarily in their functionality and application. PIR sensors detect the infrared radiation emitted by warm objects, such as humans or animals, and are commonly used for motion detection. They are passive because they do not emit any signals but only receive infrared radiation.
IR sensors, on the other hand, encompass a broader range of devices that both emit and detect infrared radiation. They are used for various applications, including remote controls, proximity sensors, and temperature measurement. Unlike PIR sensors, IR sensors can actively transmit infrared light and detect its reflection or interruption.
Yes, PIR (Passive Infrared) sensors work in the dark. They detect infrared radiation emitted by warm objects, such as humans or animals, rather than relying on visible light. This makes them effective in various lighting conditions, including complete darkness. Since PIR sensors sense heat, they can detect movement based on the changes in infrared radiation levels within their field of view, regardless of the ambient light. This capability makes them ideal for security and motion detection applications in both well-lit and dark environments.
The detection range of a PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor varies depending on the model and its design specifications. Typically, PIR sensors have a detection range of about 12 meters in wide and 18 meters in narrow. The coverage area, usually described as a cone-shaped field of view, can span an angle 85 degrees horizontally. Some advanced models offer adjustable sensitivity settings to customize the range and field of view according to specific needs. The exact range can be influenced by factors such as the sensor's quality, placement, and environmental conditions.